Correção de estrabismo incomitante por cirurgia de recuo-ressecção combinadas do mesmo músculo reto / Incomitant strabismus correction through combined resection and recession of the same rectus muscle

Resumo O presente trabalho relata o caso de um paciente, masculino, 38 anos, com estrabismo incomitante e consequente diplopia, submetido à cirurgia debilitadora com recuo e fortalecimento com ressecção do músculo reto inferior direito. O objetivo desta técnica cirúrgica é a correção do desvio em sua posição de maior incomitância, sem prejudicar o alinhamento ocular na posição primária do olhar (PPO). O resultado satisfatório, em concordância com os dados da literatura atual, contribui para fazer desta técnica uma opção no tratamento de estrabismos incomitantes de difícil manejo.

Abstract The present study reports a case of a patient, 38-year-old man, with incomitant strabismus and consequent diplopia, submitted to debilitating surgery with recession and strengthening resection of the right inferior rectus muscle. This surgical technique aims to correct the deviation in its greater incomitence position, without impairing the ocular alignment in the primary position of the eye (PPO). The satisfactory result, in agreement with data of current literature, contributes to make this technique an option in the treatment of challenging incomitant strabismus.

Relevant factors of successful surgery in the basic type of intermittent exotropia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective To explore the relevant factors of functionally healing the basic type of intermittent exotropia.Methods A prospective observation study was designed.One hundred and thirty-two cases with basic type of intermittent exotropia in Tianjin Eye Hospital from August 2015 to March 2016.Pre-and post-operation examinations to each patient,including the tests of ocular alignment,Worth four-dot test at 2 m and 33 cm,Titmus,functional visual analyzer (FVA),Frisby Davis distance (FD2) were used to explore the influencing factors of postoperative eye position and stereoscopic reconstruction,and to find the cutoff point of surgery.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki.This study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital (No.YKLL-2015-8-21).Written informed consent was obtained from each patient or guardian prior to entering study cohort.Results At 6 months postoperatively,there were 84 cases of orthopedic position,4 cases of overcorrection and 44 cases of undercorrection.The success rate was 63.6％.The deviation at day 1 and peripheral fusion function were statistically significant to postoperative eye position (b =-0.093,P =0.037;b =0.725,P =0.017).The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.645,which showed that the result of Worth four-dot test at 33 cm had lower diagnostic value.Seventy-two cases with eye position between 0 and +10 PD at 1 day postoperatively were all successful in eye position at 6 months postoperatively.The postoperative eye position was the influencing factor for postoperative distance stereo with FVA (x2 =4.036,P =0.045).The age of onset and the preoperative distance stereoacuity with FD2 were the influencing factors of postoperative distance stereo reconstruction (b =-0.213,P =0.023;b =0.021,P =0.036).The area under the ROC curve of the age of onset and the preoperative distance stereoacuity with FD2 was 0.257 and 0.752,respectively.The former had no diagnostic value,and the latter had a medium diagnostic value.The best cutoff point was 22.5" with FD2 at 6 m.Conclusions Success rate of postoperative eye position is affected by the postoperative deviation at day 1.The optimal deviation at post-operation day 1 is 0-10 PD.Postoperative distance stereopsis is improved well and the surgery should be done before the distance stereoacuity is decreased to 22.5" with FD2 at 6 m.

Clinical analysis of binocular single vision in children with intermittent exotropia before and after operation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· AIM:To analyze the clinical features of binocular visual function in children with intermittent exotropia before and after operation,so as to provide theoretical basis for surgical treatment of intermittent exotropia.· METHODS:Enrolled forty patients with intermittent exotropia in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2017,in which 64 eyes received operation.All patients underwent surgical treatment and were followed up for 6wk,to compare the proportion of patients with Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ of visual function before and after the treatment.Seeing WORTH four hole lamp near and far respectively were used to compare central and peripheral fusion before and at 2wk and 6wk after operation.Yan's random dot stereogram (Stereoscopic Test Charts,STC) was used to evaluate the near stereopsis,and synoptophore (STC) picture for distant stereopsis evaluation before and at 2wk and 6wk after operation.· RESULTS:There were 26 cases (65％),9 cases (22.5％),5 cases (12.5％) with preoperative vision function of Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ respectively;10 cases (25％),17 cases (42.5％) and 13 cases (32.5％) at 2wk after operation;8 cases (20％),18 cases (45％),14 cases (35％) at 6wk after surgery;the differences between the proportion before and 2wk after operation,before and 6wk after operation were significant (P＜0.05).WORTH four hole lamp examination showed preoperative proportion of patients with central fusion was significantly lower than that at 2wk and 6wk after surgery;the proportion at 2wk was significantly lower than that at 6wk after surgery,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The proportion of patients with peripheral fusion at 2 and 6wk after operation was significantly higher than that before operation (P＜ 0.05),but the proportion at 2wk was not different from 6wk (P＞0.05).The near stereopsis at 2 and 6wk after operation was significantly improved than that before operation (P＜ 0.05),but that at 2wk was not different from 6wk (P＞ 0.05).The proportion of patients with distant stereopsis at 2wk (24 cases,60％) and 6wk (39 cases,97.5％) after operation was significantly higher than that before operation (6 cases,15％,P＜0.05),but the proportion at 2wk was not different from 6wk (P＞0.05).· CONCLUSION:Intermittent exotropia correction surgery can significantly improve the binocular single vision and save the deterioration of patients with far,near stereopsis and central fusion.

Intermittent exotropia surgery: results in different age groups / Cirurgia para correção de exotropia intermitente: resultados em diferentes grupos etários

ABSTRACT Purpose: To report the outcomes in patients undergoing surgical correction of intermittent exotropia and to compare the age at surgery to motor and sensory success. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. The results of patients with intermittent exotropia treated with surgery over a 4-year period were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups based on age at first surgery (<4 years vs. ≥4 years), and motor and sensory outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: One hundred thirty-six patients were evaluated, with 67 and 51 patients undergoing surgery before and after the age of 4 years, respectively. The mean age at surgery was 6.8 ± 2.6 years. The reoperation rate for the patients who underwent surgery before 4 years of age was 48% versus 42% for the ones who underwent surgery after this age (p=0.93). Postoperative stereopsis showed an inverse linear association with age at surgery (p<0.001). For each month younger at the time of surgery, there was 0.69 s of arc worsening in the Titmus test. Conversely, when we separately analyzed the patients in whom the first postoperative alignment was esotropic vs. orthophoric/exotropic, we found no correlation between the immediate postoperative alignment in the first week and sensory outcome at the last visit. Conclusions: When indicated, patients with intermittent exotropia can be operated upon safely under 4 years of age, and may even present better motor results than older patients. Postoperative stereoacuity in younger children revealed to be worse than in older children; however, this result is unlikely to be due to inadequate age for surgery, but rather, immaturity for performing the stereopsis test.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os resultados em pacientes submetidos à correção cirúrgica de exotropia intermitente e comparar o sucesso motor e sensorial em relação à idade na cirurgia. Métodos: Estudo tipo coorte retrospectivo. Os resultados cirúrgicos de pacientes com exotropia intermitente foram avaliados em um período de 4 anos. Os pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos de acordo com a idade na primeira cirurgia (antes ou após os 4 anos de idade) e foram comparados quanto aos resultados motores e sensoriais. Results: 136 pacientes foram avaliados, 67 operados antes dos 4 anos e 51 operados após esta idade. A idade média na cirurgia foi de 6,8 ± 2,6 anos. A taxa de reoperação em pacientes operados antes dos 4 anos foi de 48% versus 42% naqueles operados mais tarde (p=0,93). A estereopsia pós-operatória mostrou uma associação linear inversa com a idade na cirurgia (p<0,001). Para cada mês mais jovem na idade da cirurgia, houve uma piora de 0,69 segundos de arco no teste de Titmus. Por outro lado, não foi encontrada correlação entre o alinhamento pós-operatório na primeira semana e o resultado sensorial na última visita, quando avaliamos separadamente os pacientes que se apresentaram com esotropia ou orto/exotropia na primeira semana pós-cirúrgica. Conclusão: Havendo critério para cirurgia, os pacientes com exotropia intermitente podem ser operados com segurança antes dos 4 anos de idade, e podem muitas vezes apresentar um melhor resultado motor do que os pacientes operados mais tarde. A estereopsia pós-operatória em crianças mais jovens foi pior, mais provavelmente por imaturidade ao realizar o teste do que por idade inadequada na cirurgia.

Therapeutic evaluation of lateral rectus super-recession surgery for large angle divergence excess exotropia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background In clinic practice,three or four rectus muscles often are needed to perform operation for the correction of large angle (＞50Δ) exotropia to avoid eye limited abduction due to lateral rectus superrecession.However,recent study reported that lateral rectus super-recession surgery can effectively correct large angle exotropia without remarkable abduction limitation.This outcome still need to be verified in clinical practice.Objective This study was to observe the outcome of bilateral rectus super-recession or medial rectus resection of the combined non-dominant eye for large angle exotropia.Methods A series case study was carried out.Fifty-one patients with intermittent or constant exotropia were enrolled in Tianjin Eye Hospital from May 2013 to October 2014.There were 29 intermittent exotropia and 22 constant exotropia among the 51 patients.Combined with adjustable sutures,bilateral lateral rectus super-recession or medial rectus resection of combined non-dominant eye was performed in all the eyes,and the examination of the anterior segment,fundus,ocular movement and binocular vision were performed before and after surgery.The deviation angle was measured by prism and alternate cover test.The individualized surgery procedure was designed according to medical history,ocular movement,sensory status and deviation angle.The patients were followed-up for at least 6 months.The eye position,ocular movement and binocular sensory function were compared between peoperation and postoperation.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital.Written informed consents before the operation were obtained from all patient or their parents.Results Thirty-three patients underwent bilateral lateral super-recession and 18 patients underwent bilateral lateral super-recession of the medial rectus resection of the combined non-dominant eye.The mean angle of exotropia for seeing distance of 5 meters was (-70.57 ± 16.46) Δ (from-52 Δ to-120 Δ) and was (-75.65 ±16.14) Δ for seeing near (33 cm) (from-55Δ to-130Δ).The mean amount of left eye recession was 8-15 mm ([11.17±1.67] mm) and the right eye recession was 9-15 mm ([11.28±1.62] mm).The medial rectus of the dominant eye was resected by 3-6 mm.At the end of following-up,the mean angle of exotropia for seeing distance was (-3.45±4.20) Δ (from +4Δ to-14Δ) and was (-5.49±3.96) Δ for seeing near (from +4Δ to-14Δ).Surgical outcome was effective in 41 patients (80.4％),and 10 patients were undercorrected.The stereopsis of 32 patients improved after surgery,and 18 of 27 patients without preoperative stereopsis function obtained stereopsis after surgery.No ocular motility disorder was found in this group of patients after surgery.Conclusions Bilateral lateral rectus super-recesssion or medial rectus resection of combined non-dominant eye can effectively correct large angle exotropia and reduce the number and amount of surgical muscles without ocular motility disorder.

Surgical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Consecutive Exotropia

PURPOSE: In this study we evaluated the prognostic factors by comparing the clinical manifestation of consecutive exotropia after consecutive exotropia surgery. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 65 patients who had surgery due to consecutive exotropia after esotropia surgery in Yeungnam University Medical Center between July 1988 and December 2013. The type of esotropia, age at diagnosis of esotropia, type of esotropia surgery, age at esotropia surgery, type of consecutive exotropia surgery, age at consecutive exotropia surgery, presence of adduction limitation, presence of amblyopia, and preoperative and postoperative angles of strabismus were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time after consecutive exotropia surgery was 5.1 +/- 5.2 years and 50 of 65 patients showed successful surgical outcomes at the last follow-up. Cumulative success rate of consecutive exotropia remained stable postoperatively in 68.2% of patients after 7.7 years. When comparing the success group and the recurrent group, the age at consecutive exotropia surgery was significantly younger and mean follow-up time was significantly longer in the recurrent group. The mean interval between consecutive exotropia surgery and recurrence of exotropia was 16.9 months in the recurrent group. The mean angle of strabismus at postoperative 1 week was significantly different between the 2 groups; 0.5 prism diopters (PD) esodeviation in the success group and 4.5 PD exodeviation in recurrent group. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrence of consecutive exotropia frequently developed with younger age at consecutive exotropia surgery and exodeviation at postoperative 1 week. Recurrent consecutive exotropia should be observed for an extended period, thus requiring periodic long-term postoperative follow-ups.

Curso clínico de una endotropía consecutiva una cirugía de estrabismo. Reporte de un caso / Clinical course of a consecutive esotropia from an strabismus surgery. Case Report

Propósito: analizar y describir el curso clínico de una exotropía recurrente, que luego de la re operación presenta un endotropía consecutiva. Métodos: paciente femenina de 4 años 5 meses, con diagnóstico de exotropía intermitente. Se le realizó retroinserción derechos laterales a 6,5 mm en ambos ojos. La exotropía recurrió en un año. Posteriormente se le realizó resección de rectos medios de 6 mm. El resultado posoperatorio fue una endotropía consecutiva de involución espontánea. Resultados: al realizar la primera cirugía para exotropía, se obtuvo un resultado de micro endotropía que evolucionó a exotropía recurrente. En la re operación se obtuvo una endotropía consecutiva de 20 dioptrías prismáticas que actualmente está en involución. Conclusión: Debe considerarse una hipercorrección inicial en la cirugía de exotropía. En el caso de una segunda operación para exotropía recurrente, se debe tener en cuenta que ésta puede volvera recurrir, aun cuando la tasa de recurrencia es menorque en la primera cirugía, y una nueva hipercorrección puede también ser recomendable. La endodesviación pos tiende a disminuir y dejar de persistir a los seis meses posoperatorios.

Purpose: to analyze and describe the clinical course of a recurrent exotropia, which after re-surgery developed a consecutive esotropia. Methods: female subject, 4 year and 5 months old, with an intermittent exotropia diagnosis. A retro insertion of the lateral rectus to 6,5 mm in both eyes was performed. Exotropia reappeared in one year. Subsequently, a 6 mm resection of both middle rectus was performed. The postoperatory result was a self involutive consecutive esotropia. Results: after first surgery for exotropia, a micro esotropia was obtained and it evolved to recurrent exotropia. In the new surgery a 20 prismatic diopters consecutive esotropia was obtained and it is currently involutioning. Conclusion: an hypercorrection should be considered in the procedure. In the case of a second surgery for recurrent exotropia, it should be considered that exotropia could reappear, although in a less recurrence rate that in the first one, so another hypercorrection should be considered too. Postoperative esodeviation after exotropia surgery tends to diminish and stop persisting after six months.

Consecutive Esodeviation After Exotropia Surgery in Patients Older than 15 Years: Comparison with Younger Patients

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical course of esodeviation after exotropia surgery in older patients (older than 15 years) and to compare it with that in younger patients (15 years or younger). METHODS: The medical records of all surgeries for exodeviation from December 2004 to February 2007 were reviewed and 82 patients were found with consecutive esodeviation. The patients were divided into two groups according to their age: Group A (patients older than 15 years) and Group B (patients age 15 or younger). The clinical course of esodeviation in Group A was compared to that in Group B by means of survival analysis. RESULTS: The median survival times of the esodeviation were 2.0+/-0.1 months in Group A and 1.0+/-0.1 months in Group B (p=0.40). The prevalence of consecutive esotropia at six months was 0% in Group A and 6.1% in Group B (p=0.32). The myopic refractive error, worse sensory condition, and a larger preoperative exodeviation in Group A did not affect the clinical course of the two groups differently. CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative esodeviation of patients older than 15 years after exotropia surgery tended to persist longer during the early postoperative period than that of patients 15 years or younger, however, the difference did not persist at postoperative six months.